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SACCO AND VANZETTI TRIALThe 1921 murder trial of the young Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti was one of the most controversial trials in U.S. history. For some observers, the trial was a way to bring two criminals to justice. For others, the two men were innocent of the crime but were found guilty because they were immigrants and political radicals.
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The Sacco and Vanzetti case is still hotly debated in some circles today as a classic example of the tyranny of the establishment over the poor and politically non-conforming. It is generally agreed that a second trial should have been granted and that the refusal to do so was clearly unfair. For many years there was much support for the belief that both men were wrongly convicted, but more.
The Ur-document that proclaims the myth of Sacco and Vanzetti innocence is the ACLU fund-raising letter of February 19, 1921. Placed on pages 61-63 in Robert H. Montgomery's book Sacco-Vanzetti: The Murder and the Myth, it purports to be a letter by Anna N. Davis, Secretary-Treasurer. But the more likely author of this ACLU letter, Felix.
He returned to the Sacco and Vanzetti case in drawings and prints in the 1950s and used The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti as part of the composition for a large mosaic at Syracuse University in 1967. In Shahn’s early and iconic tempera-on-canvas painting, Sacco and Vanzetti lie in coffins in the foreground in front of a colonnaded neoclassical courthouse (image left).
Sacco and Vanzetti were deprived of life and liberty, as Judge Webster Thayer, the judge in the Sacco and Vanzetti case, sought out their execution and sentenced them. Judge Thayer?s conduct, both inside and outside of the court, was inexcusable and hindered Sacco and Vanzetti from receiving a fair trial. This period worked against Sacco?s and Vanzetti?s fate for its elements of xenophobia.
Sacco and Vanzetti can be considered two earlier victims of a wave of really strong hostility to immigrants and immigration. The same kinds of arguments that you’ve been hearing over the past.